O presente trabalho descreve novos caracteres sexuais em Hippocampus reidi, expressos como uma quilha proeminente e pigmentada (machos apenas), e uma série de máculas dorsolaterais, encontradas principalmente (97,4%) em machos. Enquanto a ocorrência da quilha foi observada mesmo nos menores machos, a presença de máculas dorsolaterais parece estar associada ao tamanho do corpo. Observações ex situ mostraram que os machos realçam ambos os caracteres durante o comportamento de corte, ao tornar pálida a cor de base do corpo. Destaca-se a relevância da compreensão de tais padrões de colorido para o avanço no conhecimento relativo à seleção sexual em um grupo de peixes de morfologia e biologia singulares.

This paper presents novel sex-related characteristics in Hippocampus reidi, expressed as a prominent and pigmented keel (males only), and by a row of dorsolateral spots mostly (97.4%) found in males. While the keel was found even in the smallest males sampled, the dorsolateral spots appear to be associated with body size. Ex situ observations revealed that during courtship males highlighted both characters by turning pale their background body colour. Understanding such colour and behavioural patterns is relevant to increase our knowledge about sexual selection in a morphologically and biologically unique group of fishes.

Muitas espécies de cavalos-marinhos e peixes-cachimbo (família Syngnathidae) são comercializadas para fins medicinais e de aquarismo; algumas são também vendidas como suvenires ou curiosidades. O Brasil é um dos maiores fornecedores de cavalos-marinhos para o comércio aquarista internacional, porém pouco se sabe sobre a magnitude das capturas no país. Com relação aos peixes-cachimbo, praticamente nada se conhece acerca das suas capturas para fins ornamentais no Brasil. O presente estudo avalia a magnitude das capturas e do comércio de cavalos-marinhos e peixes-cachimbo para fins ornamentais, a partir de dados obtidos através de um programa de monitoramento desenvolvido em colaboração com o principal comerciante de organismos ornamentais marinhos no estado da Bahia. A pesca de cavalos-marinhos e peixes-cachimbo é realizada em águas rasas, nunca excedendo 7m de profundidade, geralmente em apnéia. Tanto cavalos-marinhos como peixes-cachimbo são coletados manualmente, e apenas raramente redes ou sacos plásticos são usados. Entre Janeiro de 1997 e Junho de 2005, 152 pescadores registraram suas capturas diárias de cavalos-marinhos e peixes-cachimbo. Duas espécies de cavalos-marinhos, Hippocampus reidi e H. cf. erectus (9.793 espécimes capturados entre 1997 e 2005) e três espécies de peixes-cachimbo, Cosmocampus albirostris, Micrognathus sp. e Syngnathus sp. (143 espécimes capturados entre 1999 e 2005) foram comercializados. H. reidi foi a espécie mais fortemente explorada.

Many species of seahorses and pipefishes (family Syngnathidae) are traded for medicinal purposes and aquaria; some are also sold as souvenirs or curiosities. Brazil is one of the main suppliers of seahorses for the international aquarium trade, nevertheless, little is known about the magnitude of that trade in the country. With regards to pipefishes, virtually nothing is known about their captures for ornamental purposes in Brazil. The present study assesses the magnitude of captures and trade of seahorses and pipefishes, based on data obtained through a collaborative monitoring program established with the main retailer of marine ornamental organisms in the State of Bahia. The syngnathid fishery is conducted in shallow waters never exceeding 7 m, generally by breathhold diving. Both seahorses and pipefishes are mostly caught by hand, and only rarely hand-nets or plastic bags are used. From January/1997 to June/2005, 152 fishers recorded their daily catches of syngnathids. Two species of seahorses, Hippocampus reidi and H. cf. erectus (9,793 specimens captured from 1997 to 2005) and three species of pipefishes, Cosmocampus albirostris, Micrognathus sp. and Syngnathus sp. (143 specimens captured from 1999 to 2005) were traded. H. reidi was the most heavily exploited species.

The coral reef is an ecossystem which evokes great interest, for its beaury, species diversity and fisheries potential. The coast of Paraíba State, northeast Brazil, possesses several natural reefs and shipwrecks which are inhabited by a rich fish fauna. In order to survey the reef fish fauna of Paraíba State, a total of 118 dives, utilizing SCUBA diving techniques, were carriedoutin 27samplingpoints (depths: 0,5-66m), from February/1995 to May/1996. Specimens were collected whenever underwater identification was precluded. A total of 157 known species belonging to 59 families were found. Four unidentified species, one dasyatid, one haemulid, one scarid, and one labrid were recorded. Haemulidae was the most representative family in number of individuais, whereas Carangidae was the most speciose family. This paper is part of a broader study of the northeast Brazilian reef fishes.

A survey of the tidal pool fish community was carried out between february/1987 and january/1988, at Cabo Branco Beach, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Specimens were collected monthly at low tide, using rotenone. A total of 3143 specimens was obtained. The most speciose families were Ophichthidae (14% of the total number of species), Mugilidae (11%) and Muraenidae (9%), and the most representative ones in number of individuais were Gobiidae (48%), Pomacentridae (13%) and Labrisomidae (10%). The main resident species were Bathygobius soporator (Valenciennes, 1837) and Abudefduf saxalilis (Linnaeus, 1758). The presence of a large number of juveniles in the pools indicated the importance of the studied sites as nursery áreas for several fish species.